Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War

The Battle of Cannae took place during the Second Punic War (218-210 BC) between Rome and Carthage.  The battle occurred on August 2, 216 BC at Cannae in southeast Italy. Commanders and Armies Carthage Hannibal45,000-54,000 men Rome Gaius Terentius VarroLucius Aemilius Paullus54,000-87,000 men Background After the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and invaded Italy. Winning battles at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Hannibal defeated armies led by  Tiberius Sempronius Longus and  Gaius Flaminius Nepos. In the wake of these victories, he moved south plundering the countryside and working to make Romes allies defect to Carthages side. Reeling from these defeats, Rome appointed Fabius Maximus to deal with the Carthaginian threat.  Avoiding direct contact with Hannibals army, Fabius struck at the enemys supply lines and practiced the form of attritional warfare that later bore his name. Unhappy with this indirect approach, the Senate did not renew Fabius dictatorial powers when his term ended and command passed to the consuls  Gnaeus Servilius Geminus and Marcus Atilius Regulus.   In the spring of 216 BC, Hannibal seized the Roman supply depot at Cannae in southeast Italy. Situated on the Apulian Plain, this position allowed Hannibal to keep his men well fed. With Hannibal sitting astride Romes supply lines, the Roman Senate called for action. Raising an army of eight legions, the command was given to the Consuls Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus. The largest army ever assembled by Rome, this force advanced to face the Carthaginians. Marching south, the consuls found the enemy encamped on the left bank of the Aufidus River. As the situation developed, the Romans were hampered by an unwieldy command structure which required the two consuls to alternate command on a daily basis. Battle Preparations Approaching the Carthaginian camp on July 31, the Romans, with the aggressive Varro in command, defeated a small ambush set by Hannibals men. Though Varro was emboldened by the minor victory, command passed to the more conservative Paullus the next day. Unwilling to fight the Carthaginians on the open ground due to his armys smaller cavalry force, he elected to encamp two-thirds of the army east of the river while establishing a smaller camp on the opposite bank. The next day, aware that it would be Varros turn, Hannibal advanced his army and offered battle hoping the lure the reckless Roman forward.  Assessing the situation, Paullus successfully prevented his compatriot from engaging. Seeing that the Romans were unwilling to fight, Hannibal had his cavalry harass the Roman water-bearers and raid in the vicinity of Varro and Paullus camps.   Seeking battle on August 2, Varro and Paullus formed up their army for battle with their infantry densely packed in the center and the cavalry on the wings. The Consuls planned to use the infantry to quickly break the Carthaginian lines. Opposite, Hannibal placed his cavalry and most veteran infantry on the wings and his lighter infantry in the center. As the two sides advanced, Hannibals center moved forward, causing their line to bow in a crescent shape. On Hannibals left, his cavalry charged forward and routed the Roman horse. Rome Crushed To the right, Hannibals cavalry was engaged with that of Romes allies. Having destroyed their opposite number on the left, the Carthaginian cavalry rode behind the Roman army and assaulted the allied cavalry from the rear. Under attack from two directions, the allied cavalry fled the field. As the infantry began to engage, Hannibal had his center slowly retreat, while ordering the infantry on the wings to hold their position. The tightly packed Roman infantry continued to advance after the retreating Carthaginians, unaware of the trap that was about to be sprung. As the Romans were drawn in, Hannibal ordered the infantry on his wings to turn and attack the Roman flanks. This was coupled with a massive assault on the Roman rear by the Carthaginian cavalry, which completely surrounded the Consuls army. Trapped, the Romans became so compressed that many did not have space to raise their weapons. To speed the victory, Hannibal ordered his men to cut the hamstrings of each Roman and then move on to the next, commenting that the lamed could be slaughtered later at the Carthaginians leisure. The fighting continued until evening with approximately 600 Romans dying per minute. Casualties and Impact Various accounts of the Battle of Cannae show that 50,000-70,000 of the Romans, with 3,500-4,500 taken prisoner. It is known that approximately 14,000 were able to cut their way out and reach the town of Canusium. Hannibals army suffered around 6,000 killed and 10,000 wounded. Though encouraged by his officers to march on Rome, Hannibal resisted as he lacked the equipment and supplies for a major siege. While victorious at Cannae, Hannibal would ultimately be defeated at the Battle of Zama (202 BC), and Carthage would lose the Second Punic War.

Should Television Programs Be Banned - 1743 Words

TV programs broadcasted in Malaysia are mainly imported from the USA and other Western countries, and the values are different from the values in Malaysian communities. The government argued that the media had negative influences on the education, attitude, and morality amongst Malaysian youth. With TV programs such as Baywatch, Friends, and several reality shows being popular amongst the youth, a lack of Malaysian values are being expressed. Malaysian TV stations even adopted some of the concepts, creating remakes of some of these programs with Malaysian actors and civilians, such as Malaysian Idol based off of American Idol. (Halim, 2004) Eventually, the Malaysian government began taking a stand. They began banning certain films and†¦show more content†¦Just like a person, you grow from your experiences and mistakes, and try not to make the same mistakes. Malaysia pushes not to make the same mistakes, so they came up with a resolution that will still positively affect thei r economy, but preserve their culture at the same time. That is the number one fundamental of growth in any aspect; knowing what to change and what to keep the same. Malaysia has and continues to master that fundamental. Malaysia has become extremely successful using the influences of the American culture. Globalization is one of the major factors to Malaysia’s phenomenal economic development and growth. (Essays, 2013) And some of Malaysia’s growth stemmed from American media. The Malaysian government believes that the media is most effective amongst teenagers and young adults. This impact was seen significantly in the teenagers and young adults of the community because they are the main receivers and importers of foreign culture and values from the West. (Halim, 2004) This age group counts for 7.4 million of the 28.5 million people in Malaysian with the percentage constantly increasing, so the impact is felt throughout the communities. (Halim, 2004). So to keep Malaysia open to the acceptance of influences from the American culture and the method of sharing a bidirectional force, we have to tend to the minds of the younger generation. Using television, film and music, I will display th e American culture and make it easy to understand our values.Show MoreRelatedThe Government Should Exercise More Control And Limits On Advertising868 Words   |  4 Pages The government should exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. Children are the leaders of the future and the children watch on average two or more hours of television a day. These are children’s most formative years. When children form ideas that prove to be substance of how they will think as adults. 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Judicial Circuit Of The State Of Florida †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Article for Judicial Circuit of the State of Florida. Answer: Statement Of The Facts On Wednesday, ______, 20___, Sam Kant went to national department store named as Bilmart on his wifes request, and purchase a case of six 4 oz. cans of Hoovers Baked Beans with Bacon. After returning home his wife scolds him because he failed to purchase the thing what her wife had requested. Mrs. Kant does not like the taste of Hoovers Beans, but she likes the Handells brand. She invited her book club for lunch on the following afternoon and wants to serve those Baked Beans with Bacon to her guest. Mrs. Kant ordered Mr. Kant to go back to the store and exchange the Hoovers beans for Handells Beans. Next morning Mr. Kant went to the store again and found that there is long line for customer service because of Bilmarts annual sponsorship of a major community food drive. Mr. Kant tries to save the time, and he thinks that may be line reduced upon his return, Mr. Kant put the case of Hoovers beans in the shopping cart and go straight to the bean shelf and add Handells beans to the cart. After return Mr. Kant realizes that line had not reduced and Mr. Kant waited for long to make the exchange of Hoovers beans for Handells Beans. Mr. Kant feared from the anger of Mrs. Kant for not returning the home on time for lunch. Sam put the cases of Hoovers beans in the cart which is filled with the goods which is returned and need re stocking in store. Mr. Kant move towards the exit of the store with the Handells beans in the shopping cart. Security of the store witnessed the actions of Mr. Kant and detained Mr. Kant near the exit door of the store. Store called the police. Later on it was found that the cart in which Mr. Kant placed the Hoovers Beans was not for the return items, but it contains the goods which are donated to the Bilmart Community Food Drive. Policeman and slickman ask questions from Mr. Kant and charged him for shoplifting. This case was decided by the Judge of the County Court; Florida who found that Mr. Sam Kant takes possession of the cases of Handells Beans owns by the Bilmart or takes away the cases of beans without paying the bill and he does not follow the procedure for returning the goods. Honorable Judge of the County Court further said that Mr. Sam Kant put the cases of the Hoovers Beans in the cart which contains the donating goods. Judge also found that Mr. Sam Kant was leaving the store without paying for the cases of Handells Beans and demean the right of the Bilmart. Honorable Judge of the County Court, Florida held Mr. Sam Kant guilty and imposed imprisonment of 1 year and fine up to $ 700. Judge said that offence committed by Mr. Kant was fall under the provision of retail theft (Section 812.015 (1) (d) of Title XLVI: Crimes (chapter 812), of Florida Statutes) and under the category of first degree petit theft. Judge considers that Mr. Sam Kant takes possession of the Handells Beans owns by the Bilmart or takes away the Handells Beans without the prior permission of Bilmart. Mr. Sam Kant filed appeal under the Court of Appeals of the State of Florida against the decision of honorable judge of Trial Court. Argument Any person who takes the possession of article owns by merchant without his prior permission is liable for shoplifting. Shoplifting in Florida is considered very serious crime by the court of law. Meaning of shoplifting is same in every state, but every state deals in different manner with the charges of shoplifting. In general shoplifting is known as retail theft in Florida. These are the different ways through which retail theft can be committed. Section 812.015 (1) (d) of Title XLVI: Crimes (chapter 812), of Florida Statutes, states the meaning of retails theft (The 2016 Florida Statutes, n.d.; Expert Law, n.d.): When a person takes possession of the article owns by the merchant or takes away the article of the merchant without his prior permission. When a person change the price tags and labels of the product without the permission of a merchant. When goods are transferred from one container to another container without the knowledge of merchant. Use the benefit and full value of the product. Removing a shopping cart. Merchant can detain a person who committed the retail theft in a reasonable manner, for reasonable time for recovering the goods or prosecute the suspect. Section 812.014 of Florida statutes defined the retail theft as petit theft or grand theft, depending on the value of the property. This section also defines the penalties related to petit theft which are classified according to the category of theft. Penalties of theft are depend on the value of the article for which person is accused. Usually it is difficult for a person to commit grand theft. Therefore number of offences fall under the category of petit theft is high. Following are the charges and classification of the theft (shoplifting laws, n.d.; The 2016 Florida Statutes, n.d.): Amount of article Category of theft punishment Value of article is less than 100 Dollar. It is considered as 2nd degree of petit theft Imprisonment up to sixty days and fine up to 500$. Value of article is more than 100 Dollar but less than 300$. This is also applicable in case when value of article is less than 100$ but person committed the offence of theft for the second time. It is considered as 1st degree of petit theft Imprisonment up to one year and fine up to 1000$ (Hackworth Law PA, n.d.). Person convicted for second time in case of petit theft. It is considered as 1st or 2nd degree of petit theft. Imprisonment up to sixty days to one year and fine up to 50$ to 1000$. Value of article is more than 300 Dollar but less than 20000$. It is considered as 3rd degree of grand theft Imprisonment up to five year and fine up to 5000$. Value of article is more than 20000 Dollar but less than 100000$. It is considered as 2nd degree of grand theft Imprisonment up to fifteen year and fine up to 10000$. Value of article is more than 100000$. It is considered as 1st degree of grand theft Imprisonment up to thirty year and fine up to 10000$ (Florida Criminal Defense Lawyers, n.d.). In this case trial judge held that Mr. Sam Kant is guilty for petit theft of Hoovers Bean. Value of Handells Bean is less than $ 300. Therefore, Judge of county court held that appellant is guilty for 1st degree of petit theft and imposed penalty of $700 and imprisonment of 1 year. In the present case, Mr. Sam Kant tries to save the time, and put the case of Hoovers beans in the shopping cart and go straight to the bean shelf and add Handells beans to the cart. Sam put the cases of Hoovers beans in the cart which is filled with the goods which is returned and need re stocking in store. Mr. Kant move towards the exit of the store with the Handells beans in the shopping cart. The purpose of Mr. Kant is not to steal the item from the store, he want to exchange the Hoovers beans for Handells Beans. Before leaving the store Mr. Sam Kant put the cases of Hoovers beans in the cart which he believed contain the goods which is returned and need re stocking in store. Mr. Kant has no idea that he put the case of Hoovers beans in the cart which contain the donated items. These two factors must be present in the case of petit theft: It is necessary that accused unlawfully try to steal the property of the merchant. Accused steals the property with the intention of: Getting benefit from the property. Prevent the merchant from using the property (HW, n.d.). In this case Mr. Sam Kant both the factors of petit theft are not present. Mr. Sam Kant does not unlawfully or knowingly try to steal the cases of Handells Beans and also does derive any benefit from the cases of Handells Beans. It must be noted that Mr. Sam Kant already pays for the Hoovers Bean to the Bilmart, and he put the cases of Hoovers Bean in the cart. Intention in case of retail theft is very important factor and in the present case Mr. Sam Kant does not take away the cases with the wrong intention. Mr. Kant just tries to save his time and also tries to avoid the clashed with his wife; he put the cases of Hoovers Bean in the cart and takes away the cases of Handells Bean. According to section 812.015 (1) (d) of Title XLVI: Crimes (chapter 812), of Florida Statutes, a person is accused of retail theft if he try to demean the rights of the owner in the property and When a person takes possession of the article owns by the merchant or takes away the article of the merchant without his prior permission. In this case, Mr. Sam Kant takes away the article without the permission of the owner, but his intention was not guilty and he does not demean the right of the Bilmart. Therefore, in this case Mr. Sam Kant cannot accuse for shoplifting or petit theft. In this case Mr. Sam Kant was acted in good faith and his intention was fair. Mr. Sam Kant does not take the beans with wrong intention or for the purpose of stealing the beans. In case of petit theft and shoplifting intention matters very much. Guilty mind and intention of stealing property is the most important and required content of shoplifting and petit theft. Thus if the accused believed in good faith that he or she owned the article, has interest in the article and had any joint ownership then in such case lack of intention was good defense against the charge. We can understand this defense with the help of case law McClover v. State, 2013 Fla. App. LEXIS 7870 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013), in this case McClover was accused for petit theft for the goods which value over $ 300. Loss prevention officer of Wal-Mart was keeping an eye on the activities of McClover with the help of surveillance cameras and also recording the activities of McClover. He noticed that accused put some electronic items in her cart and move towards the exit of garden centre without paying for the items in the cart. The main issue was that the payment counter of garden centre was not working at that time and the exit of garden centre was also closed. Accused left the cart in which electronic items was present in the garden center and move towards the main exit and leave the store from the main exit. Officer of Wal-Mart found the behavior of McClover suspicious and called the police. Police follow McClover to her car and found an article of Wal-Mart which was from another Wal-Mart store. A question arises here that how can we identify the store of goods because goods usually contain the statement made in china. It was found that good which was found in the car was of another Wal-Mart store and McClover was found guilty. Judge imposed imprisonment of 48 months to the accused. Later on judge review the case of McClover and found that McClover does not leave the store with unpaid merchandise and she acted in good faith. Judge further said that accused leave the store without concealing any property. Therefore, judge said that good faith was a good defense in case of petit or grand theft (Orlando, 2013; Find Law, 2013). In this case Mr. Sam Kant was not leaving the store with any concealed goods and it was also found that Mr. Sam Kant put the cases of Hoovers beans in the cart in which he belief that items of return are kept. If individual was acted in good faith and belief that he had right to take property then in such case charges of retail theft was not proved and accused is not guilty for shoplifting (LEIFERT LEIFERT, n.d.). Therefore Mr. Sam Kant appeals that judge of county court made mistake in founding him guilty for the charges of shoplifting. Conclusion County Court of Florida also erred that Mr. Sam Kant was leaving the store without paying the bill and takes away the Handells Beans without the prior permission of Bilmart, and he also demean the rights of Bilmart. County Court of Florida also erred in founding that Mr. Sam Kant was guilty under Section 812.015 (1) (d) of Title XLVI: Crimes (chapter 812), of Florida Statutes for retail theft and imposed imprisonment of 1 year and fine up to $ 700. Relief However, appellant respectfully request from the honorable court that he must set free from the charges of shoplifting or retail theft. References: The 2016 Florida Statutes. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (812.015). Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_StatuteSearch_String=URL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.015.html. The 2016 Florida Statutes. Theft, Robbery, and Related Crimes (812.014). Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_StatuteURL=0800-0899/0812/Sections/0812.014.html. Shoplifting laws. Shoplifting Charges and Penalties Nationwide. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://shopliftinglaws.org/florida/. Expert law. First time shoplifting offender in the state of Florida. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.expertlaw.com/forums/showthread.php?t=37875. Florida Criminal Defense Lawyers. Charged with Theft in Florida. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.myfloridadefenselawyer.com/shopliftingtheftfl/. Hackworth Law PA. What are the penalties associated with petty theft. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://bhtampa.com/blog/penalties-for-petty-theft/. HW. Petit Theft in Florida. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.husseinandwebber.com/crimes/theft-fraud/petit-theft/. HW. Theft Fraud. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.husseinandwebber.com/crimes/theft-fraud/grand-theft/. Find law, (2013). McCLOVER v. STATE. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/fl-district-court-of-appeal/1631196.html. Orlando, (2013). Wal-Mart Shoplifting Case Overturned on Appeal. Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.orlandocriminaldefenseattorneyblog.com/2013/11/wal-mart-shoplifting-case-over.html. Leifert leifert. Florida Statutes Section 812.014: Shoplifting (Retail Theft). Retrieved on 18th September 2016 from: https://www.leifertlaw.com/florida-statutes-section-812-014-shoplifting-retail-theft.html.